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Software development is a complex and dynamic field, and it requires the application of various best practices and techniques to ensure that projects are delivered on time, within budget, and to a high standard of quality. However, despite the best efforts of software engineers and development teams, some problems and issues can still arise during the development process. One such issue is Anti-patterns. In this article, we'll explore what Anti-patterns are, why they are important to understand, and how to avoid them in software engineering.

What are Anti Patterns in Software Engineering?

Anti-patterns in software engineering are common and recurring problems that arise during the software development process. These problems can have a negative impact on the quality, reliability, and performance of software, and they can also cause delays in project completion and increased maintenance costs. Anti patterns can manifest themselves in a variety of ways, including poor design, inefficient coding practices, and suboptimal use of software development tools and techniques.

Examples of Common Anti Patterns in Software Engineering

Spaghetti Code: This Anti pattern occurs when code is written in a complex and hard-to-read manner, making it difficult for other developers to understand and maintain. Spaghetti code often results from a lack of modularity and a failure to follow established coding standards and best practices.

Golden Hammer: The Golden Hammer Anti-pattern occurs when a particular tool or technique is used for every problem, regardless of whether it is the most appropriate solution for that particular problem. This can result in suboptimal solutions, increased complexity, and decreased performance.

Cut and Paste Programming: This Anti-pattern occurs when developers take code from one part of a software system and reuse it in another part of the system, without modifying it to fit the new context. This results in code that is difficult to maintain and debug, and it can also lead to increased coupling and decreased modularity.

YAGNI (You Ain't Gonna Need It): The YAGNI Anti-pattern occurs when developers build features into a software system that are not immediately required by the end-users. This can lead to increased complexity, decreased performance, and wasted resources.

Premature Optimization: This Anti-pattern occurs when developers focus on optimizing code for performance before the requirements and design of the software system have been fully defined. This can result in suboptimal solutions, increased complexity, and decreased maintainability.

Impact of Anti Patterns on Software Development

Anti-patterns can have a significant impact on software development, including:

Delays in project completion: Anti patterns can result in increased development time and decreased productivity, which can cause delays in project completion.

Increased maintenance costs: Code that is written in an Anti pattern style is often difficult to maintain and debug, which can result in increased maintenance costs over the life of the software system.

Decreased code quality and reliability: Anti patterns can result in decreased code quality, making it more likely that bugs and other issues will arise in the software system. This can also result in decreased reliability and increased risk of system failures.

Poor performance: Anti patterns can result in decreased performance and scalability of software systems, making it more difficult to meet end-user requirements and demand

How to Avoid Anti Patterns in Software Development

Adhere to established coding standards and best practices: By following established coding standards and best practices, you can ensure that your code is maintainable, scalable, and easy to understand. This will help you to avoid Anti-patterns such as Spaghetti Code and Cut and Paste Programming.
Use appropriate tools and techniques for each problem: Avoid using a single tool or technique for every problem, as this can result in the Golden Hammer Anti pattern. Instead, consider the most appropriate solution for each problem, based on its specific requirements and constraints.
Focus on delivering value to end-users: To avoid the YAGNI Anti pattern, focus on delivering value to end-users by building only the features that they need and avoiding unnecessary complexity. This will help to ensure that your software system is maintainable and scalable over time.
Define requirements and design before optimizing for performance: To avoid the Premature Optimization Anti pattern, ensure that the requirements and design of your software system are fully defined before optimizing for performance. This will help to ensure that your solutions are optimal, maintainable, and scalable.
Practice continuous integration and testing: By practicing continuous integration and testing, you can ensure that your code is of high quality and that bugs and other issues are discovered and addressed early in the development process. This will help you to avoid Anti patterns and to ensure that your software system is reliable and of high quality.
Encourage collaboration and teamwork: Encourage collaboration and teamwork among software engineers and development teams. This will help to ensure that everyone is aware of the best practices and techniques for avoiding Anti-patterns, and it will also help to facilitate the sharing of knowledge and experience among team members.

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Ransomware is a type of malware that encrypts a victim's computer files.The attacker demands money from the victim to restore his computer back to normal. The attacker is sending instructions on how to pay the fee to get the description key for the restoration process.The costs for the description key can range from a few hundred dollars to thousands, payable to cybercriminals in Crypto currency.

Now the cybercriminals who specialized in ransomware have more lethal and they have already been using double extortion tactics which is now they threaten to leak the private data to the public.

Image by brightlineit

The number of organizations affected by ransomware so far this year has significantly increased, compared with the previous year.For all of 2020, ransomware cost businesses worldwide around $20 billion.The healthcare sector has been getting the highest volume of ransomware attacks with around 109 per organization each week. The utilities sector has 59 attacks per organization per week. The insurance and legal sector have been attacked 34 times each week.

The double extortion tactic is extremely popular and profitable among ransomware attackers. Last year, more than 1,000 companies found that their data had been leaked publicly after they refused to cave into the attackers demands. Over that time, the average ransom payment jumped by 171% to around $310,000.

But the tactic that started after the end of 2020 and has continued into 2021, is triple extortion,which means the attacker sends demands not only to the attacked organization but to other third parties that would be hurt by the leaked data.

In one incident from last October, 40,000-patient Finnish psychotherapy clinic Vastaamo was hit by a breach that led to the theft of patient data and a ransomware attack. As expected, the attackers demanded a healthy sum of ransom from the clinic. They also emailed the patients directly, demanding smaller sums of money or else they would leak their therapist session notes. Due to the breach and the financial damage, Vastaamo was forced to declare bankruptcy and ultimately shut down its business.

"Third-party victims, such as company clients, external colleagues and service providers, are heavily influenced and damaged by data breaches caused by these ransomware attacks, even if their network resources are not targeted directly," Check Point said in its report. "Whether further ransom is demanded from them or not, they are powerless in the face of such a threat and have a lot to lose should the incident take a wrong turn. Such victims are a natural target for extortion and might be on the ransomware groups' radar from now on."

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Across human history, master painters and other artists have earned global recognition for their ability to manipulate colors. In the modern era, the art-form now opens up a lot of new commercial and business applications, first in advertising, and now in web design. With an almost bottomless depth, the skill of color usage can be improved and refined endlessly.

Color Theory

The topic of color could fill a whole book on its own, so we’ll stick to what’s relevant to UI design here. We can break down color theory into three parts with regards to web UI design:

• Contrast — Every shade of color has a set opposite — an “arch-nemesis” whose contrast is far greater than any other color. You can use the color wheel below to find each specific color’s opposite. Simply locate the color on the opposite end of the circle.

• Complementation — Colors aren’t always at odds with each other: complementary colors accent each other and bring out their best, the opposite of contrast. These are the colors opposite each other on the color wheel, for example, purple’s complement is green.

• Vibrancy — Each color evokes specific moods: the brighter warm colors (red,orange, yellow) tend to energize a user and make them more alert, while darker cool shades (green, blue, purple) tend to be more relaxing and tranquil. CNN uses a red banner in their top navigation to heighten alertness, a color decision that suits the site’s breaking news content.

Vibrancy: Emotional Implications of Color

There’s no denying the link between emotions and colors: in fact, the human race has been documenting the psychological impact of color since the Middle Ages. Naturally,any web designer wants to harness this as well, since the right colors create the right moods and atmosphere for your site. We’ve analyzed the advice of the researchers at Vandelay Design and Smashing Magazine, and filtered it through our own experience at UX.

Please note that different cultures around the world perceive colors differently. We describe emotional associations that are most relevant to Western cultures.

Triadic

The triadic is the most basic and balanced of the three structures.Using vibrancy and complementation, but straying from the trickier contrast,the triadic structure is the safest and most reliable scheme. On the 12-step color wheel, select any three colors located 120 degrees from each other: one color for the background, and two for content and navigation.

Triadic color wheel

Compound (Split Complementary)

The next scheme gets a little trickier to pull off, but can be rewarding if done well. The concept uses four colors: two contrasting pairs and two complementary pairs.

Compound color wheel

Analogous

Lastly there is the analogous scheme, which focuses exclusively on complementary colors. This one really highlights the vibrancy of the colors chosen, for example, a red-orange-yellow analogous scheme will seem very energetic and lively. While this scheme is relatively easy to pull off, the trick is in deciding which vibrancy of color to use, as it will be exaggerated.

Analogous color wheel

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ReactJS is currently one of the most popular JavaScript libraries developed by Facebook.Its a front-end development library and used for handle view layer of mobile and web apps.

Pros:
React virtual DOM will improve apps performance.
You can render React on the server-side.
ReactJS can use with any framework.Such as Backbone js, Angular js.

Cons:
Reactjs is only a view layer. Integrating Reactjs into a traditional MVC framework such as rails would require some configuration.
There is a learning curve for beginners who are new to web development.

Why should use ReactJS:
Reactjs works great for teams, strongly enforcing UI and workflow patterns.
The user interface code is readable and maintainable.
There is now a lot of demand for developers with ReactJS experience.

Prerequisites:
JavaScript
HTML 5
CSS
and basic knowledge of Ecma Script 2015

We will need NodeJS and NPM.

First we need to setup some babels plugins.You can install babel by running the following code in command prompt.

C:\Users\username>npm install -g babel

C:\Users\username>npm install -g babel-cli

Then install webpack bundler and 'webpack-div-server'.Enter following commands for install those bundles.

C:\Users\username>npm install webpack --save

C:\Users\username>npm install webpack-dev-server --save

Then create a root folder and initialize with npm.

C:\Users\username\Desktop>mkdir myApp

C:\Users\username\Desktop>cd myApp

C:\Users\username\Desktop\myApp>npm init

Then it's time to install react and dom packages, '--save' command will add these packages to package.json file.

C:\Users\username\Desktop\reactApp>npm install react --save

C:\Users\username\Desktop\reactApp>npm install react-dom --save

Then install babel plugins to the created project.

C:\Users\username\Desktop\myApp>npm install babel-core

C:\Users\username\Desktop\myApp>npm install babel-loader

C:\Users\username\Desktop\myApp>npm install babel-preset-react

C:\Users\username\Desktop\myApp>npm install babel-preset-es2015

Then you need to create the following files inside 'myApp' folder.
index.html
App.jsx
main.js
webpack.config.js

Then add following codes to those files.

webpack-config.js

var config = {
   entry: './main.js',
 
   output: {
      path:'./',
      filename: 'index.js',
   },
 
   devServer: {
      inline: true,
      port: 8080
   },
 
   module: {
      loaders: [
         {
            test: /\.jsx?$/,
            exclude: /node_modules/,
            loader: 'babel',
    
            query: {
               presets: ['es2015', 'react']
            }
         }
      ]
   }
}

module.exports = config;

First we add main.js as entry point.We are setting development server to 8080 port. You can choose any other port you prefer.Also we are adding babel loaders to search for js files and use es2015 and react presets.

package.json

"start": "webpack-dev-server --hot"

index.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang = "en">

   <head>
      <meta charset = "UTF-8">
      <title>React App</title>
   </head>

   <body>
      <div id = "app"></div>
      <script src = "index.js"></script>
   </body>

</html>

div id = "app" is root element for our app.

App.jsx

import React from 'react';

class App extends React.Component {
   render() {
      return (
         <div>
            Hello World!!!
         </div>
      );
   }
}

export default App;

This is the first react component.This component will render Hello World!!!.

main.js

import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import App from './App.jsx';

ReactDOM.render(<App />, document.getElementById('app'));

We need to import this component and then render it to our root App element so we can see it in browser.

Then it's time to run our first app so enter following command to run the server.

C:\Users\username\Desktop\myApp>npm start

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How to add JCalendar component to NetBeans IDE palette

Who wants to implement a datepicker module in your application developed with NetBeans IDE, JCalendar is a Java date chooser bean for graphically picking a date. JCalendar is composed of several other Java beans, a JDayChooser, a JMonthChooser and a JYearChooser. You will need to download the jcalendar-1.4.zip from here http://toedter.com/jcalendar/ . Jcalendar-1.4.zip file contains all sources, libs and documentation .After downloading “jcalendar-1.4.zip” file, extract it using zip file manager application like winrar or 7zip .Go to exaction location and you can see lot files in it. Locate and open folder named “lib” and you can see the file named jcalendar-1.4.jar. Place jar file in your folder.

Next step is to include the JCalendar component in your NetBeans Palette. Default NetBeans IDE palette looks following screen shot.

From Tools menu select Palette > Swing/AWT Components or Right Click on palette and choose Palette Manger. This will open Palette Manger Window that provides a way to organize components in NetBeans palette.

I suggest to create a new category for your extra components. So click on New Category button in palette manager and create new palette category.

Now click on Add from JAR button and browse to jcalendar-1.4.jar file location. Clicking Next button the dialog box shows containing components of JCalenndar to choose from, that can be add to the palette.

Following dialog is a multi-selection dialog, so you can choose any component you need. Select what you need.

On clicking Next again you will be able to categorize the newly imported components. Select comfort category and press Finish button. After clicking Finish button close the palette manager window.

Now we have JCalendar Component pack in NetBeans palette.

You can easily drag and drop any of this Component to your workspace and use it. When you compile and build the code you will your application jar file along with a lib folder that contains supporting JCalendar file without which the application will not run.

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